Terms, plainly explained.

Short, quotable definitions of the 41 most important terms from IT, integrations, automation, data and recruitment — without jargon about jargon.

Integrations & connectivity

How systems talk to each other.

Term

API

An API (Application Programming Interface) is a standardised way for software systems to make data and functions available to each other.

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Term

REST API

A REST API is an API that works according to the REST architecture: data is accessed as 'resources' via standard HTTP requests such as GET (retrieve), POST (create), PUT (update) and DELETE (remove).

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Term

Webhook

A webhook is an automatic message that a system sends the moment something happens — for example a new order, a paid invoice or a changed candidate status.

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Term

API integration

An API integration is a connection between two software systems that automatically exchange data via their APIs — for example orders from a webshop to the accounting system, or placements from an ATS to invoicing.

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Term

iPaaS

iPaaS (integration Platform as a Service) is a cloud service that lets you connect software systems without building or hosting integration software yourself.

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Term

Middleware

Middleware is software that sits between two or more systems and manages the traffic between them: retrieving data, translating it into the right format and delivering it to the target system.

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Term

ETL

ETL stands for Extract, Transform, Load: pulling data from source systems (extract), reshaping it into a usable structure (transform) and writing it to a target system such as a database or dashboard (load).

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Term

JSON

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is the standard data format in which systems exchange information via APIs.

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Term

OAuth

OAuth is the open standard that lets you give an application access to your data in another system, without sharing your password.

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Workplace & security

Your digital workplace, identity and mail.

Term

SSO

SSO (single sign-on) means that employees log in once — usually with their Microsoft or Google account — and thereby automatically gain access to all connected applications.

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Term

MFA

MFA (multi-factor authentication) is logging in with a second proof alongside your password — usually an approval or code in an app on your phone.

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Term

Conditional access

Conditional access is a security mechanism that assesses per login attempt whether it is allowed, blocked or requires extra verification — based on who is logging in, from which device, from which location and at what risk.

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Term

Tenant

A tenant is your own, isolated environment within a cloud service such as Microsoft 365 or Google Workspace: all your organisation's users, mailboxes, files, settings and security rules together.

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Term

DNS

DNS (Domain Name System) is the system that translates domain names to the servers behind them: it determines where your website is loaded and where email for your domain is delivered.

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Term

SPF

SPF (Sender Policy Framework) is a DNS record that specifies which mail servers are allowed to send email on behalf of your domain.

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Term

DKIM

DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) adds a digital signature to every outgoing email that recipients can verify via DNS.

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Term

DMARC

DMARC is the policy on top of SPF and DKIM: it tells receiving mail servers what to do with mail that fails the checks — simply deliver it (none), quarantine it or reject it — and sends reports about who is emailing on behalf of your domain.

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Term

SaaS

SaaS (Software as a Service) is software you use over the internet and pay for per user or per month, without managing servers yourself — think Microsoft 365, Exact Online, Shopify or your ATS.

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Term

Data processing agreement

A data processing agreement is the contract the GDPR requires between an organisation (data controller) and every party that processes personal data on its behalf (processor) — such as your IT partner, your ATS supplier or an integration platform.

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Term

SLA

An SLA (Service Level Agreement) is the agreement between a service provider and client about the level of service: response times for incidents, system availability, helpdesk opening hours and what happens if the agreements are not met.

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Data & dashboards

From loose numbers to steering.

Term

BI

BI (business intelligence) is the collecting, combining and visualising of business data to base decisions on — usually in the form of dashboards and reports.

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Term

KPI

A KPI (key performance indicator) is a measurable number that shows how an organisation or process is performing on something that really matters — revenue per customer, delivery time, time-to-fill, error rate.

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Term

Dashboard

A dashboard is a visual overview of the most important numbers of an organisation or process, refreshed automatically from the source systems.

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Term

Data model

A data model is the structure in which data and its mutual relationships are defined: which tables exist (customers, orders, products), which fields they contain and how they are linked to each other.

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Term

Power Query

Power Query is the tool in Excel and Power BI that lets you retrieve data from sources, clean it up and reshape it — without programming.

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Term

DAX

DAX (Data Analysis Expressions) is the formula language of Power BI (and Excel Power Pivot) that lets you define calculations over the data model: revenue compared with last year, moving averages, margins per segment.

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Term

Single source of truth

A single source of truth is the agreement that every piece of data has one leading source: customer data lives in the CRM, stock in the till system or WMS, invoices in the accounting system.

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